Are Transport, Distribution and Logistics in Mainland China Efficient - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1449 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Logistics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Are transport, distribution and logistics in mainland China efficient? Victoria University China. Currently the worlds manufacturing plant, and is constantly growing. Chinas main export destinations are the United States, the European Union, Hong Kong, and Japan which accounts for 68% of export value. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Are Transport, Distribution and Logistics in Mainland China Efficient?" essay for you Create order In the last decade Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s booming economy has greatly benefited from globalization and trade liberation. With such a huge amount of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s being manufactured in China, it brings to concern how these products are getting out of China. Is Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transport, logistics and distribution systems efficient? Chinas logistics first started off with the three-tier distribution system, this distribution model used the top down approach. Under this distribution model, only state owned wholesalers were allowed to provide logistics services. The three major hubs for tier-1 distribution centres were located in Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Tier-2 distribution centres were typically located in Provence capitals, this tier mainly dealt with distribution to major urban areas, storage and transportation. Tire-3 operate in smaller cities and towns, they provided additional storage and final delivery location. When a product reaches tier-1 loca tions it then flows down each tier until tier-3 in which the product is then delivered to the business or customer. Amongst this tier system, there were no competitive motives; the performance of the system was measured in terms of the fulfilment of the central administration goals as well as arrangement with political interests. Today China has liberated the three tier system, the state still takes part in state owned enterprises, but limit the partition of privately owned companies were allowed and encourages (Luk Sherriff, 1998). The impact of a products being delayed can be a problem, delays can be associated with the image of the company, and having an order delayed can cause negative reputation with supplier. In terms of exporters in relation to delays, in some cases they would need to offer price discounts, rebates, or maybe penalised. Longer delays may even lead to cancelations of orders, the return of cargo, which can cause major logistical problems at port, and may als o disrupt the supplierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cash flow. The rail network in China is vast; however it is still not capable of easing congestion on highways. There is still a shortage or rail way networks in China. The rail system has been primarily used to server as a means of transporting build material such as coal, steel and iron additionally the rails system has also been used to transport iron ore, coal and other taw materials. China rail has not proved viable for finished goods and industrial products to long booking times and delays. During 2005 less than 1% of containers were moved by rail, during this time container trucks were the dominant transport mode for freight. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturing is moving more inland and ports are becoming more congested. China plants to solve this by increasing their rail logistics by introducing eighteen inland railway logistics hub. (Mongelluzzo, 2007). China is still growing at an alarming rate, and Chinas infrastructure i s still not capable of coping with the huge demand generated by its economy. Compared to other countered, the efficiency of Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s logistical industry is still low compared to the ratio of logistics expenditure to GDP. Furthermore the addition of packing, transport, storage and Damage, the ratio of logistics coast to total manufacturing range from 40% to 60%, where in other developed nations this can be close to 20%. IF logistics costs are broken down, transport accounts for a substantial 57% of costs of inventory. This indicates transporting costs in China can be more than double that of a developed country. (Johnson, 2007). Most of Chinas warehouse were built as single story buildings, these structures had low celling, poor lightning, and inadequate temperature control this then lead to food and perishables to spoil. Additional there were also unskilled managements in place. Manual labour is still heavily utilised in China given its abundance and given that it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cheaper to hire someone instead of using technology to facilitate the temperature, in this circumstance. Automation in warehousing is rare most of order placements and retrieval is done manually, which can lead to errors being made. China churns out a lot of products for a lot of companies and countries, the main and in some instances the only way of getting a product out of China is thought its ports. Almost 90% of Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s international trade is handles though maritime transport. This called for major investments in port infrastructure, and intense competition had led to extremity efficient ports that are in some instances better than some European and North American Ports. Despite Chinese ports being so efficient, they are still affected by bureaucratic customs procedures and in some cases low customer service. Companies which are located close to Ports are less affected by the inefficient transport and logistics mentioned before (Culliane, 2004). China understands this massive foreign investment and the Chinese government is always expanding. Since 2000 major transport infrastructure has been built, including 250,000 kilometres of highways and 24,700 kilometres of express way, at the end of 2006 the total length of Chinese highway had reached 3,457,000 kilometreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and 77,00 kilometres of railway (Waters, 2007). Additionally China has kept improving their infrastructure since 2006. Completion of 14 expressways including one from Beijing to Hong Kong and Macao, six new additional railways for passengers transport, including one between Beijing and Shanghai, inner city rails from Beijing to Tianjin and the upgrading of five existing railways including one between Datong and Qinhuangdao, dredging of deep water channels at the mouth of the Yangtze river, more dredging at the mouth of the Pearl River to the sea, and channel dredging in the Yangtze and pearl river valleys as well as the Beijing-Hangzhou c anal. Furthermore an addition of ten new airports were constructed, such are those in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. New pipelines and railroads infrastructure for transportations of iron ore, coal, imported crude oil and container at twelve seaports, including those at Shanghai, Dalian and Tianjin ports. New coal transit and storage points in eastern China. All of these major infrastructure improvements were done between 2006 and 2010. (CGOWP, 2006) Chinas infrastructure, for transportation and logistics were lacking behind in the early 2000à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and late 1999à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s however with the current rate at which china is improving their infrastructure ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s no doubt China will improve their transport, distribution and logistics in the future. The growth in port capacity has kept pace with demand and is not seen as a major bottleneck besides the regulations of customs. The development of rail network and improvements with dredging in major ri ver arteries can dramatically improve the efficiency of moving items. Major companies which are located inland from chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s coast are suffering in getting their products to ports; however costal companies which are located near ports donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have this problem. However costal real-estate is becoming more expensive and companies are being forced inland additionally some companies operate in both locations which need items from inland manufacturing facilities to be transported to costal manufacturing plants, so improvements in rail network will ease this problem and will give more confidence for new companies to move inland (Luo et al., 2014). In terms of recommendations, I would recommend China to continue growing, and improve their infrastructure, however many foreign countries might see this as a problem due to human rights. When China wants to construct a highway, they just relocate people and build it, without the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinio n taken into consideration. A prime example of this happening was when the Chinese government decided to solve their power shortage, and build a dam on the Yangtze River. Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydro power dam in the world, capable of generating 98.8 TWh of power per year. When upon competition thousands of people were forced to move elsewhere. Additional upon full capacity of the dam hundreds of acres of land were destroyed by the water (Y et al., 2015). Bibliography B.Y.P., L., D, W. , 2014. Changing landscapes of transport and logistics in China. CGOWP, 2006. Chinas Key Transport Infrastructure Projects. [Online] Available at: https://english.gov.cn/archive/statistics/ [Accessed 15 March 2015]. Culliane, K..F.W.T..C.S., 2004. Container Terminal Development in Mainland China. Transport Reviews, p.24. Luk Sherriff, T., 1998. Structural Changes in Chinas Distribution System. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, pp.28, 44. Luo, X., Zhu, N. Zou , H.-F., 2014. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lagging region development and targeted transportation infrastructure investments. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., 2002. Transport logistics shared solutions to common challenges. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Y, Y. et al., 2015. Concentrations, distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural topsoil of the Three Gorges Dam region, China. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dylan Moonsamys4082152Victoria University

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1174 Words

‘’ To Kill A Mockingbird’’ by Harper Lee. This book takes place in maycomb, a sleepy town in Alabama in 1933 during the great depression. Maycomb in located in the deep south where racial issues still exist. Atticus Finch is the town lawyer who defends a black man in a racially charged town. Atticus is a single father of two children Jem and Scout. The mother died early in their lives and they have no memory of their mother. He treats his kids as equals to himself by having Jem and Scout refer to him as his first name then the usually ‘’ Dad or Father’’. They call him by his first name in a respectable manner. As a lawyer, Atticus believes in equality and justice. He points out to the jury that Any person of any skin color are capable of committing crimes â€Å"this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men† (pg.208, Lee). He sees the injustices in the case how the case has been motivated b y racial prejudices. His ability to be colorblind allows him to examine the situation more fair and justly. Additionally, his belief in equality and justice, give him the strength to see that this is wrong and it needs to be discussed and pointed out to the community. Theses same beliefs - justice, equality and the ability to understand sides, carry over to his family life, â€Å"Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets† (pg. 87, Lee). He tries to teach Scout and Jem these values. He attempts to pass on to his childrenShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. 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She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Ethical Self-Assessment Free Essays

Healthcare professionals are faced with making multi-faceted decisions on a daily basis. These decisions are not just limited to clinical matters, but they include the total patient care experience. Because of emerging healthcare trends and complex health law and ethics, it is imperative that healthcare administrators have a professional organization that they can belong to. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Self-Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) is an international professional society of more than 35,000 healthcare executives who lead hospitals, healthcare systems and other healthcare organizations. ACHE is known for its prestigious FACHE ® credential, signifying board certification in healthcare management, and its educational programs including the annual Congress on Healthcare Leadership† (American College of Healthcare Executives, n. d. ). The Ethics Self–Assessment Tool and Individual Decision Making The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) provides an ethics self-assessment which is made up of thought-provoking questions to serve as a moral compass using the ACHE Code of Ethics as its basis. No matter what your role in the healthcare system, the self-assessment provides a standard for various healthcare relationships including, â€Å"Community, Board, Colleagues, Staff, Clinicians, Buyers, Payors and Suppliers. † (American College of Healthcare Executives, n. d. ). Any questions that were not answered with â€Å"always,† identified an area of weakness in which ethics were being compromised. The first lesson learned is that there are numerous situations where healthcare professionals may believe they are being ethical, but the assessment provides examples that some decisions being made are unethical. This gap away from being completely ethical occurs because professional decisions are often influenced by individual ethics. Identifying these gaps allow healthcare administrators to make necessary steps to improve the method in which they make decisions. Another lesson learned is the importance of having a tool to compare your organization’s level of ethics to the code of ethics. Paying special attention to minimize outside influences, will allow you to make complex ethical decisions at all times which will promote consistency throughout all team members and the organization. The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE), has a strong impact on ethical decision making because they focus on the â€Å"entire being† of the healthcare professional. For example, in ACHE’s preamble of The Code of Ethics it states, â€Å"In fulfilling their commitments and obligations to patients or others served, healthcare executives function as moral advocates and models. † Imagine, when a healthcare administrator recites these few words, he cannot help but acknowledge the depth of his commitment and the high level of morality that is expected from him. Because of the vast number of complex ethical dilemmas that arise, ACHE further promotes the value and importance of strong ethical decision making in ACHE’s Ethics Toolkit. â€Å"When the ethical guidelines are not enough, when there is uncertainty about the proper ethical approach, and when there is a need to develop additional ethical guidelines. ACHE’s Ethics Toolkit provides tools for developing both parts of an ethical culture. † (American College of Healthcare Executives, n. d. ). Influence of Individual Ethics on Decision Making. When it comes to the modern decisions in today’s healthcare system, it is important to be able to identify problems and opportunities and choose the best course of action for the greater good. A strong ethical background helps individuals make the right decision although it may be unpopular. â€Å"Aristotle (Summers, 2009) also teaches about morality when explains how to apply ethics to daily living. Through the idea of practical wisdom and eudemonia, he makes us aware of the need to apply ethics and behave in a moral way. We develop our moral character so that we use our knowledge of ethics to address challenging new situations. Ethical principles become the center of our lives and we apply them as virtue-centered administrators. † Strategies to Improve Decision Making in the Future The opportunities that being a member of The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) has afforded healthcare professionals, is one that is here to stay. Healthcare administration is a profession that continually evolves with time. Because of the advances in medicine, people are living longer and have a better quality of life. The current self-assessment tools are quickly improving and making it easier for healthcare professionals to obtain the data needed to make prompt ethical decisions. It is important to remember that as a healthcare professional, one must present all of the facts to a patient and preserve his right of autonomy. It is within the code of ethics that healthcare professionals are not to impose their will on someone else. Remember, to carry out â€Å"the four ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. † How to cite Ethical Self-Assessment, Papers